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Sustainable Groundwater Exploitation in Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
9-14
Received:
20 May 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: In this study, a critical review of the groundwater resources history and management in Nigeria was done. The aim was to identify reasons why groundwater is increasingly being exploited in recent times, and to explore ways through which the exploitation could be done sustainably. This was achieved through literature review. It was observed that an estimated 60% of Nigeria’s population get drinking water from ground resources. This high statistic is mostly the resultant effect of infrastructural decay in the potable water supply sector of the country. In Nigeria, just 14 % of the country’s population get regular water supply through piped sources while the remainder of the country’s 162.5 million people draw their water supply mainly from surface and groundwater sources. Groundwater, in Nigeria, is accessed mainly in form of shallow (hand-dug) and deep (boreholes) wells. Well water withdrawal activities are mostly un-regulated and, therefore, the water sources are often subjected to avoidable abuses and pollutions. In particular, rapid urbanization, agricultural and industrial activities are major contributors of pollutions to groundwater sources. Also, unavailability of data such as geographical information on water quantity, hydrology, state of aquifer and withdrawal limits have contributed to the unsustainable use of groundwater in Nigeria. It was recommended that proper regulation of groundwater resources and its protection under the land use act of 1978 could be instrumental to its sustainable exploitation.
Abstract: In this study, a critical review of the groundwater resources history and management in Nigeria was done. The aim was to identify reasons why groundwater is increasingly being exploited in recent times, and to explore ways through which the exploitation could be done sustainably. This was achieved through literature review. It was observed that an ...
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Response of River Flow Regime to Various Climate Change Scenarios in Ganges-Brahmaputra- Meghna Basin
Rajib Kamal,
M. A. Matin,
Sharmina Nasreen
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
15-24
Received:
19 May 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: The potential climatic variability over Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) basin like alterations in precipitation and temperature are expected to have a significant impact on the natural flow regime of its rivers. The Lower Meghna River, being a major drainage outlet of the basin, is likely to be affected by such variability and hence its response to climate can be studied through the use of plausible scenarios of climate change. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model, based on future climate projections of HadCM3 GCM, was constructed to examine the potential changes in the river flow regime assuming that climate tend to change as per the SRES scenarios A1B, A2 and B1. The results showed a trend of increasing monsoon flows for these scenarios during the periods of 2020s, 2050s and 2080s with a projected shift in the seasonal distribution of flows. Examining the monthly projected flows for different scenarios and comparing with the observed condition, it was found that the peak flow may increase 4.5 – 39.1% in monsoon and the dry period low flows may drop by 4.1 – 26.9% indicating high seasonality as a result of climate change. Due to seasonal variation of precipitation and temperature, i.e., excess precipitation in monsoon and lack of precipitation along with higher temperature in the dry season, the flood peaks are likely to shift towards earlier months and the rate of change of flows during the rising and recession of flooding would be much higher compared to current state of the river. These results also indicate the exacerbation of flooding potential in the central part of Bangladesh due to the largest increase of peak flows during monsoon.
Abstract: The potential climatic variability over Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) basin like alterations in precipitation and temperature are expected to have a significant impact on the natural flow regime of its rivers. The Lower Meghna River, being a major drainage outlet of the basin, is likely to be affected by such variability and hence its response to...
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Flood Frequency Modeling Using Gumbel’s and Powell’s Method for Dudhkumar River
Md. Abdullah Asad,
Mohammad Ahmeduzzaman,
Shantanu Kar,
Md. Ashrafuzzaman Khan,
Md. Nobinur Rahman,
Samiul Islam
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
25-28
Received:
6 June 2013
Published:
30 June 2013
Abstract: The results of a study on an international river Dudhkumar (shared by Bhutan, India and Bangladesh) analyzing flood frequency of 14 years using Gumbel and Powell distribution have been presented in this paper. Flash flood occurrence over recent years had washed away fields making vulnerable life safety. It was assumed that, Dudhkmar flood flows obey the Gumbel and Powell distribution. The scale and shape parameters of the distribution were estimated using method of moments. . A Chi-square test results (p =1.000) between observed and predicted flood flows which is considered to be not statistically significant by the conventional criteria. Due to goodness of fit of the Gumbel and Powell distribution, it was assumed to be appropriate for modeling frequency of Dudhkumar River floods. However, the magnitudes of the 100, 200 and 1000 year floods were significantly differed in the two mentioned methods.
Abstract: The results of a study on an international river Dudhkumar (shared by Bhutan, India and Bangladesh) analyzing flood frequency of 14 years using Gumbel and Powell distribution have been presented in this paper. Flash flood occurrence over recent years had washed away fields making vulnerable life safety. It was assumed that, Dudhkmar flood flows obe...
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