The Role of Oxygen in Degradation of Hydrocarbons in Sediments of an Estuary in Nigeria
Dike Henry Ogbuagu,
Ebenezer Temitope Adebayo,
Emmanuel Ikechukwu Iwuchukwu
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
45-50
Received:
24 August 2014
Accepted:
30 August 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: The rates of degradation of Aliphatic (AHs) and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the Bonny Estuary were investigated. Degradation was enhanced by aerobic condition in the order of treatments 10000ppm>1000ppm>100ppm (AHs), 100ppm>1000ppm>10000ppm (PAHs) than in the anaerobic condition which was in the order 10000ppm>100ppm>1000ppm (AHs), 100ppm>1000ppm>10000ppm (PAHs). Rates of degradation differed over the harvest days [F(10.90)>Fcrit(4.17)] and between the oxygen conditions [F(10.92)>Fcrit(4.17)] (P<0.05). Degradation enhancements by oxygenation were by 9.85, 63.64 and 62.66% (AHs) and 2.07, 3.15 and 3.95% (PAHs) on Days 14, 28 and 42 respectively. Rate of degradation was dose-dependent and slower especially of the PAHs.
Abstract: The rates of degradation of Aliphatic (AHs) and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the Bonny Estuary were investigated. Degradation was enhanced by aerobic condition in the order of treatments 10000ppm>1000ppm>100ppm (AHs), 100ppm>1000ppm>10000ppm (PAHs) than in the anaerobic condition which was in the order 10000ppm>100ppm>10...
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Effective Safety Culture Modelling in the Maritime Industry; an Assessment of the Tanker Ship Subsector
Chinedum Onyemechi,
Lazarus Okoroji,
Declan Dike
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
51-54
Received:
9 August 2014
Accepted:
10 September 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: The work reviewed the several approaches to safety culture procedures applied in the maritime industry with a view to creating the best model for the sector. In this study, the importance of the international safety management code otherwise known as the ISM code were reviewed vis a vis the development of a proactive safety management culture by the entire tanker sub sector of the maritime industry. Comparison were made between different sources of maritime incidents such as design errors, human errors and organizational commitment to safety in a bid to model an effective safety culture for the entire maritime industry. Finally, the need to evolve safety measurement metrics best suited to analyze the safety demands of the maritime sector was emphasized. The developed model emphasizes an approach of safety orientation as part of the organization’s safety philosophy. The adaptability of the model in the entire maritime industry as well as measurement procedures was also proposed.
Abstract: The work reviewed the several approaches to safety culture procedures applied in the maritime industry with a view to creating the best model for the sector. In this study, the importance of the international safety management code otherwise known as the ISM code were reviewed vis a vis the development of a proactive safety management culture by th...
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