Desalination Using Algae Ponds under Nature Egyptian Conditions
El Nadi M. H. A.,
El Sergany F. A. G. H.,
El Hosseiny O. M.
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
69-73
Received:
26 November 2014
Accepted:
2 December 2014
Published:
8 December 2014
Abstract: This study aims to study the suitability of using algae for water desalination as a new conceptual technique using algae ponds under the nature circumstances. A pilot unit consisted of three serial basins each divided to three parallel basins was erected outdoor in open area to be under natural climatic conditions. The algae were prepared in the lab using BG11 media to encourage its growth under saline water then put in the basins with 0.4 lit/path/run for algae rate and 0.1 lit/path/run for BG11 rate. The basins fed by several concentrations from saline water from 2000 ppm till 40000 ppm with several runs to get the TDS removal efficiency. The experimental work shows that the removal efficiency for TDS in the first basin varied between 61& 80.5% and became after second basin between 71& 93% which increased by third basin to 83 to 97.7%. These variations were due to inlet TDS concentration and the climatic conditions (Temperature & sunlight period). The results achieved high removal efficiency for TDS and the results in the highest inlet concentration were inside the permissible limits for drinking water after the third basin.
Abstract: This study aims to study the suitability of using algae for water desalination as a new conceptual technique using algae ponds under the nature circumstances. A pilot unit consisted of three serial basins each divided to three parallel basins was erected outdoor in open area to be under natural climatic conditions. The algae were prepared in the la...
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Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon
Marlyne-Josephine Mananga,
Marie Modestine Kana Sop,
Etienne Nguidjol,
Inocent Gouado
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
74-79
Received:
8 June 2014
Accepted:
1 September 2014
Published:
18 December 2014
Abstract: Quality and safety of water are very important for the health. The proliferation of conditioned drinking water in urban areas of Cameroon these years raises the problem of quality control. This research was then conducted in Douala town, to determine microbiological and physicochemical qualities of local and imported conditioned drinking water, in order to inform consumers and help them to make better choices. After the survey carried out with the population in Douala town, 32 drinking packaged water in polyethylene bags and bottles were collected and analyzed. The choice was made according to the amount of the persons using this water. The research of the total germs was done by the Plate Count Agar, the coliforms determined by the Eosin Methylen Blue and staphylococcus by the Chapman medium. The hardness, the concentration of calcium and magnesium were determined by complexometric method using tetra acetic diamine ethylen (EDTA). The pH, the turbidity and the conductivity were determined respectively by a pH meter, turbidimeter and a conductimeter. Chlorides and nitrates were measured by UV spectrometric method. According to the results obtained, consumers surveyed choose a type of brand water for economic reasons, 82 % of trademarks investigated had worst sanitary safety. The analytical results demonstrated that 76 % of water produced in Douala are soft (0°F43°F) and highly mineralized. Water packed in bags harbored numerous species of bacteria including Pseudomonas cepacia, Acinetobacteria, and nonpathogenic Staphylococcus; their densities were respectively, 23x103 ± 3605,55 CFU.100 mL-1, 22x103 ± 1732,05 to 54x103 ± 4582,57 CFU.100 mL-1 and 23x103 ± 2000 CFU.100 mL-1. Conditioned water produced in Douala (in bags) had the worse microbiological quality than the imported water. On the contrary they are softer than imported water.
Abstract: Quality and safety of water are very important for the health. The proliferation of conditioned drinking water in urban areas of Cameroon these years raises the problem of quality control. This research was then conducted in Douala town, to determine microbiological and physicochemical qualities of local and imported conditioned drinking water, in ...
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Stochastic Simulation of Shallow Aquifer Heterogeneity and It’s Using in Contaminant Transport Modeling in Tianjin Plains
Lingling Liu,
Lixin Yi,
Xiaoqing Cheng
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
80-88
Received:
26 November 2014
Accepted:
23 December 2014
Published:
29 December 2014
Abstract: Shallow aquifers of Tianjin Plain formed by alluvium, marine and lacustrine sedimentary sequences, and resulting complex structure impose challenges to modeling groundwater flow and contaminant transport in it. To solve the problem and prove its feasibility, this study utilizes TProGS (Transition Probability Geostatistical Software) to describe hydrogeological structure of engineering sites, and then simulates contaminant transport by integrated using MT3D (Modular Three-Dimensional Transport Model) with traditional layered assignment approach and transition probability geostatistical approach respectively. The results show that aquifer structure on local scale is effectively described by TProGS and there is a smaller plume distribution in modeling with transition geostatistical approach than that with traditional layered assignment approach, it’s also more in line with the groundwater flow direction. It illustrates the advantages of stochastic simulation in detailed conceptualization of hydrogeological structure. Furthermore, it demonstrates that integrated utilizing stochastic simulations and MT3D is more practicable than traditional approach in engineering practice for both probabilistic estimation of hydraulic conductivities and probabilistic assessment of contaminant plume capture at a heterogeneous field site.
Abstract: Shallow aquifers of Tianjin Plain formed by alluvium, marine and lacustrine sedimentary sequences, and resulting complex structure impose challenges to modeling groundwater flow and contaminant transport in it. To solve the problem and prove its feasibility, this study utilizes TProGS (Transition Probability Geostatistical Software) to describe hyd...
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Exchanges of Methane between Lakes and the Atmosphere in Hokkaido, Subarctic Climate Region, Japan
Masafumi Sasaki,
Noboru Endoh
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
89-94
Received:
12 December 2014
Accepted:
27 December 2014
Published:
4 January 2015
Abstract: Dissolved methane concentrations (DM) at twelve major lakes in Hokkaido, the northernmost island in Japan were observed in the open water season during 2006 ~ 2009 to estimate diffusive flux from lake surfaces to the atmosphere. An inverse relationship between lake size and DM was obtained in lakes in Hokkaido as was found for the European boreal lakes. All lake images larger than 0.001 km2 were obtained by image processing of map data and area and number distributions were analyzed in order to calculate mass fluxes of diffusive methane. Total area of all (1,269) lakes in Hokkaido is 809 km2. Regional diffusive flux of methane from lakes to the atmosphere in Hokkaido was estimated to be 0.581 Gg CH4 yr–1. Average diffusive flux density (per lake area) was about 0.718 g CH4 m–2 yr–1. This is a similar value to that in European boreal lakes on no-permafrost inland areas. Extremely high flux was found in Lake Abashiri-ko, one of highly eutrophic, meromictic lakes.
Abstract: Dissolved methane concentrations (DM) at twelve major lakes in Hokkaido, the northernmost island in Japan were observed in the open water season during 2006 ~ 2009 to estimate diffusive flux from lake surfaces to the atmosphere. An inverse relationship between lake size and DM was obtained in lakes in Hokkaido as was found for the European boreal l...
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