Research on Special Measures of Safe Abandonment of a Ship in Polar Waters
Wang Deling,
Geng Hejun,
Fan Fuquan,
Tao Qingfeng
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
44-49
Received:
10 September 2019
Accepted:
4 October 2019
Published:
15 October 2019
Abstract: Ice melting in polar waters caused by global warming has been making it practicable for merchant ships to sail in polar area. Sailing distances from Far-east to West of Europe and East of North America are shortened by around 30% by selecting polar routes, therefore, polar routes are considered as the golden routes. However, polar water has its unique risks for ships sailing in the areas. Those unique risks may cause adverse impacts to the survival of seafarers in case of emergencies. To ensure the safe abandonment of a ship in polar waters, this paper analyzes and summarizes the potential risks associated with polar shipping with respect to safe escape, evacuation and survival for seafarers in case of emergencies. Based on the analysis of unique potential hazards and inquiry with experts and seafarers who have experiences in polar ship operation and management, this paper provides practical measures to safeguard crew’s escape, evacuation and survival in extreme polar circumstances when abandoning a ship. The requirements as to Life Saving Appliances and Arrangements in Polar Code are also interpreted in this paper, and those practical measures provided will help the ship owners, ship operators, and ship masters and seafarers to better understand and comply with the requirements of the Polar Code.
Abstract: Ice melting in polar waters caused by global warming has been making it practicable for merchant ships to sail in polar area. Sailing distances from Far-east to West of Europe and East of North America are shortened by around 30% by selecting polar routes, therefore, polar routes are considered as the golden routes. However, polar water has its uni...
Show More
Impact of Climate Change on Food Systems: A Narrative Review
Wycliffe Tumwesigye,
Abebe Aschalew,
Wambi Wilber,
Anteneh Destra
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
50-55
Received:
9 February 2019
Accepted:
3 April 2019
Published:
15 October 2019
Abstract: In recent years it has become clear that climate change is an inevitable process in many parts of the world and has a negative impact on agriculture and food systems particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries. Climate change involves variations in temperature and precipitation across the globe. The environmental changes associated with climate change have a significant impact on the food supply chains food environments and food systems in general. These changes affect food production, storage, processing, marketing, availability, promotion, affordability and quality along the food value chain. Consequently, climate change affects global food security and peoples’ income especially, in developing countries where the predominance of rain-fed agriculture in much of these countries results in food systems that are highly sensitive to rainfall and temperature variability. The narrative review aimed at evaluation of published literature to understand the impact of climate change on food systems across the globe. Literature search from 2000-2019 was carried out using key words and key phrases in Google search Engine. Elsevier agriculture journals, JSTOR journals, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Nature and Climate Change journals. More than 120 relevant publications were retrieved of which 44 were scrutinized and used for this publication. The study found that increased rainfall and temperature affect food availability, utilization, crop yields, food markets, food prices, consumption patterns and food insurance. The review recommended that all stakeholders should adopt relevant policies about climate change mitigation and adaptation options along different food value chains. This will enable farmers to produce sufficient food required to feed the projected 9.8 billion people by 2050 thus contributing to sustainable development goal number two: -End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
Abstract: In recent years it has become clear that climate change is an inevitable process in many parts of the world and has a negative impact on agriculture and food systems particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries. Climate change involves variations in temperature and precipitation across the globe. The environmental changes associated with climate c...
Show More
